Urine pH

1: Yamanishi H. [Relationship between spot urine pH and number of metabolic

syndrome features]. Rinsho Byori. 2014 Jul;62(7):692-8. Review. Japanese. PubMed

PMID: 25669039.

2: Cho YH, Lee SY, Jeong DW, Choi EJ, Nam KJ, Kim YJ, Lee JG, Yi YH, Tak YJ, Cho

BM, Lee SB, Lee KY. The association between a low urine pH and the components of

metabolic syndrome in the Korean population: Findings based on the 2010 Korea

National health and nutrition examination survey. J Res Med Sci. 2014

Jul;19(7):599-604. PubMed PMID: 25364357; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4214016.

3: Ilyas R, Chow K, Young JG. What is the best method to evaluate urine pH? A

trial of three urinary pH measurement methods in a stone clinic. J Endourol. 2015

Jan;29(1):70-4. doi: 10.1089/end.2014.0317. PubMed PMID: 25036786.

4: Perello CG, Monga M. Words of wisdom: Re: The interaction of thiol drugs and

urine pH in the treatment of cystinuria. Eur Urol. 2013 Sep;64(3):515. doi:

10.1016/j.eururo.2013.06.030. PubMed PMID: 23915464.

5: Cheng CJ, Lin SH. In reply to 'Monosodium urate stones are rare, and urine pH

is not low in cystinuria'. Am J Kidney Dis. 2013 Jul;62(1):180. doi:

10.1053/j.ajkd.2013.04.008. PubMed PMID: 23773842.

6: Asplin JR, Penniston K, Goldfarb DS. Monosodium urate stones are rare, and

urine pH is not low in cystinuria. Am J Kidney Dis. 2013 Jul;62(1):179-80. doi:

10.1053/j.ajkd.2013.03.041. PubMed PMID: 23773841.

7: Wen D, Cornelius RJ, Yuan Y, Sansom SC. Regulation of BK-α expression in the

distal nephron by aldosterone and urine pH. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2013 Aug

15;305(4):F463-76. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00171.2013. Epub 2013 Jun 12. PubMed

PMID: 23761673; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3891257.

8: Awawdeh MS, Obeidat BS. Treated Olive Cake as a Non-forage Fiber Source for

Growing Awassi Lambs: Effects on Nutrient Intake, Rumen and Urine pH,

Performance, and Carcass Yield. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci. 2013 May;26(5):661-7.

doi: 10.5713/ajas.2012.12513. PubMed PMID: 25049836; PubMed Central PMCID:

PMC4093321.

9: Goren G, Fritz J, Dillitzer N, Hipp B, Kienzle E. Fresh and preserved green

fodder modify effects of urinary acidifiers on urine pH of horses. J Anim Physiol

Anim Nutr (Berl). 2014 Apr;98(2):239-45. doi: 10.1111/jpn.12071. Epub 2013 Mar

30. PubMed PMID: 23551706.

10: Kwong T, Robinson C, Spencer D, Wiseman OJ, Karet Frankl FE. Accuracy of

urine pH testing in a regional metabolic renal clinic: is the dipstick accurate

enough? Urolithiasis. 2013 Apr;41(2):129-32. doi: 10.1007/s00240-013-0546-y. Epub

2013 Feb 9. PubMed PMID: 23435644; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3599165.

11: Asplin DM, Asplin JR. The Interaction of thiol drugs and urine pH in the

treatment of cystinuria. J Urol. 2013 Jun;189(6):2147-51. doi:

10.1016/j.juro.2012.12.031. Epub 2012 Dec 20. PubMed PMID: 23261477.

12: Wockenfus AM, Koch CD, Conlon PM, Sorensen LD, Cambern KL, Chihak AJ, Zmolek

JA, Petersen AE, Burns BE, Lieske JC, Karon BS. Discordance between urine pH

measured by dipstick and pH meter: implications for methotrexate administration

protocols. Clin Biochem. 2013 Jan;46(1-2):152-4. doi:

10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2012.10.018. Epub 2012 Oct 24. PubMed PMID: 23103706.

13: Kanbara A, Miura Y, Hyogo H, Chayama K, Seyama I. Effect of urine pH changed

by dietary intervention on uric acid clearance mechanism of pH-dependent

excretion of urinary uric acid. Nutr J. 2012 Jun 7;11:39. doi:

10.1186/1475-2891-11-39. PubMed PMID: 22676161; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3406944.

14: Yi JH, Han SW, Song JS, Kim HJ. Metabolic alkalosis from unsuspected

ingestion: use of urine pH and anion gap. Am J Kidney Dis. 2012 Apr;59(4):577-81.

doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2011.11.033. Epub 2012 Jan 20. PubMed PMID: 22265393.

15: Kanbara A, Seyama I. Effect of urine pH on uric acid excretion by

manipulating food materials. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids. 2011

Dec;30(12):1066-71. doi: 10.1080/15257770.2011.596498. PubMed PMID: 22132958.

16: Bell DS. Beware the low urine pH--the major cause of the increased prevalence

of nephrolithiasis in the patient with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2012

Apr;14(4):299-303. doi: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2011.01519.x. Epub 2011 Nov 13.

Review. PubMed PMID: 21992452.

17: Nakanishi N, Fukui M, Tanaka M, Toda H, Imai S, Yamazaki M, Hasegawa G, Oda

Y, Nakamura N. Low urine pH Is a predictor of chronic kidney disease. Kidney

Blood Press Res. 2012;35(2):77-81. doi: 10.1159/000330487. Epub 2011 Sep 7.

PubMed PMID: 21912182.

18: Hara S, Tsuji H, Ohmoto Y, Amakawa K, Hsieh SD, Arase Y, Nakajima H. High

serum uric acid level and low urine pH as predictors of metabolic syndrome: a

retrospective cohort study in a Japanese urban population. Metabolism. 2012

Feb;61(2):281-8. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2011.06.026. Epub 2011 Aug 23. PubMed

PMID: 21864864.

19: Kume S, Sato T, Murai I, Kitagawa M, Nonaka K, Oshita T. Relationships

between urine pH and electrolyte status in cows fed forages. Anim Sci J. 2011

Jun;82(3):456-60. doi: 10.1111/j.1740-0929.2010.00853.x. Epub 2011 Mar 6. PubMed

PMID: 21615840.

20: Chang IH, Lee YT, Lee DM, Kim TH, Myung SC, Kim YS, Ahn SH. Metabolic

syndrome, urine pH, and time-dependent risk of nephrolithiasis in Korean men

without hypertension and diabetes. Urology. 2011 Oct;78(4):753-8. doi:

10.1016/j.urology.2011.03.007. Epub 2011 May 23. PubMed PMID: 21601244.

21: Capolongo G, Sakhaee K, Pak CY, Maalouf NM. Fasting versus 24-h urine pH in

the evaluation of nephrolithiasis. Urol Res. 2011 Oct;39(5):367-72. doi:

10.1007/s00240-011-0365-y. Epub 2011 Feb 19. PubMed PMID: 21336574; PubMed

Central PMCID: PMC4104426.

22: Mavangira V, Cornish JM, Angelos JA. Effect of ammonium chloride

supplementation on urine pH and urinary fractional excretion of electrolytes in

goats. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2010 Dec 1;237(11):1299-304. doi:

10.2460/javma.237.11.1299. Erratum in: J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2011 Feb 1;238(3):317.

PubMed PMID: 21118016.

23: Fenton TR, Eliasziw M, Tough SC, Lyon AW, Brown JP, Hanley DA. Low urine pH

and acid excretion do not predict bone fractures or the loss of bone mineral

density: a prospective cohort study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2010 May 10;11:88.

doi: 10.1186/1471-2474-11-88. PubMed PMID: 20459740; PubMed Central PMCID:

PMC2890599.

24: Maalouf NM, Cameron MA, Moe OW, Sakhaee K. Metabolic basis for low urine pH

in type 2 diabetes. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2010 Jul;5(7):1277-81. doi:

10.2215/CJN.08331109. Epub 2010 Apr 22. PubMed PMID: 20413437; PubMed Central

PMCID: PMC2893060.

25: Eisner BH, Porten SP, Bechis SK, Stoller ML. Diabetic kidney stone formers

excrete more oxalate and have lower urine pH than nondiabetic stone formers. J

Urol. 2010 Jun;183(6):2244-8. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2010.02.007. Epub 2010 Apr 18.

PubMed PMID: 20400141.

26: Workeneh B, Abbasi F, Reaven G. Fasting urine pH is independent of insulin

sensitivity. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010 Mar;91(3):586-8. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2009.28830.

Epub 2009 Dec 23. PubMed PMID: 20032494.

27: Constable PD, Gelfert CC, Fürll M, Staufenbiel R, Stämpfli HR. Application of

strong ion difference theory to urine and the relationship between urine pH and

net acid excretion in cattle. Am J Vet Res. 2009 Jul;70(7):915-25. doi:

10.2460/ajvr.70.7.915. PubMed PMID: 19566478.

28: Fenton TR, Eliasziw M, Lyon AW, Tough SC, Brown JP, Hanley DA. Low 5-year

stability of within-patient ion excretion and urine pH in fasting-morning-urine

specimens. Nutr Res. 2009 May;29(5):320-6. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2009.04.005.

PubMed PMID: 19555813.

29: Li WM, Chou YH, Li CC, Liu CC, Huang SP, Wu WJ, Chen CW, Su CY, Lee MH, Wei

YC, Huang CH. Association of body mass index and urine pH in patients with

urolithiasis. Urol Res. 2009 Aug;37(4):193-6. doi: 10.1007/s00240-009-0194-4.

Epub 2009 May 26. PubMed PMID: 19468724.

30: Thongboonkerd V, Mungdee S, Chiangjong W. Should urine pH be adjusted prior

to gel-based proteome analysis? J Proteome Res. 2009 Jun;8(6):3206-11. doi:

10.1021/pr900127x. PubMed PMID: 19351137.

31: Fukunaga K, Saito M, Muto M, Mishima K, Fujiwara M, Orito K. Effects of urine

pH modification on pharmacokinetics of phenobarbital in healthy dogs. J Vet

Pharmacol Ther. 2008 Oct;31(5):431-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2008.00977.x.

PubMed PMID: 19000262.

32: Ausman LM, Oliver LM, Goldin BR, Woods MN, Gorbach SL, Dwyer JT. Estimated

net acid excretion inversely correlates with urine pH in vegans, lacto-ovo

vegetarians, and omnivores. J Ren Nutr. 2008 Sep;18(5):456-65. doi:

10.1053/j.jrn.2008.04.007. PubMed PMID: 18721741.

33: Parks JH, Coe FL, Evan AP, Worcester EM. Urine pH in renal calcium stone

formers who do and do not increase stone phosphate content with time. Nephrol

Dial Transplant. 2009 Jan;24(1):130-6. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfn420. Epub 2008 Jul 28.

PubMed PMID: 18662977; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2721421.

34: Drewa T, Wolski Z, Gruszka M, Misterek B, Lysik J. Uric acid plasma level and

urine pH in rats treated with ambroxol. Acta Pol Pharm. 2007 Nov-Dec;64(6):565-7.

PubMed PMID: 18323253.

35: Welch AA, Mulligan A, Bingham SA, Khaw KT. Urine pH is an indicator of

dietary acid-base load, fruit and vegetables and meat intakes: results from the

European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Norfolk

population study. Br J Nutr. 2008 Jun;99(6):1335-43. Epub 2007 Nov 28. PubMed

PMID: 18042305.

36: Cook JD, Strauss KA, Caplan YH, Lodico CP, Bush DM. Urine pH: the effects of

time and temperature after collection. J Anal Toxicol. 2007 Oct;31(8):486-96.

PubMed PMID: 17988463.

37: Boari B, Salmi R, Rizzioli E, Manfredini R. Circadian variation in urine pH

and uric acid nephrolithiasis risk. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2008

Jan;23(1):411-2. Epub 2007 Oct 28. PubMed PMID: 17967802.

38: Maalouf NM, Cameron MA, Moe OW, Adams-Huet B, Sakhaee K. Low urine pH: a

novel feature of the metabolic syndrome. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2007

Sep;2(5):883-8. Epub 2007 Aug 16. PubMed PMID: 17702734.

39: Takahashi S, Inokuchi T, Kobayashi T, Ka T, Tsutsumi Z, Moriwaki Y, Yamamoto

T. Relationship between insulin resistance and low urinary pH in patients with

gout, and effects of PPARalpha agonists on urine pH. Horm Metab Res. 2007

Jul;39(7):511-4. PubMed PMID: 17611904.

40: Koff SG, Paquette EL, Cullen J, Gancarczyk KK, Tucciarone PR, Schenkman NS.

Comparison between lemonade and potassium citrate and impact on urine pH and

24-hour urine parameters in patients with kidney stone formation. Urology. 2007

Jun;69(6):1013-6. PubMed PMID: 17572176.

41: Cameron MA, Baker LA, Maalouf NM, Moe OW, Sakhaee K. Circadian variation in

urine pH and uric acid nephrolithiasis risk. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2007

Aug;22(8):2375-8. Epub 2007 May 3. PubMed PMID: 17478488.

42: Alguacil J, Pfeiffer RM, Moore LE, Del Fresno MR, Medina-Lopez R, Kogevinas

M, Vermeulen R, Dosemeci M, Silverman DT, Rothman N, García-Closas M. Measurement

of urine pH for epidemiological studies on bladder cancer. Eur J Epidemiol.

2007;22(2):91-8. Epub 2007 Mar 3. PubMed PMID: 17334820.

43: Parker AL. When urine pH really matters. J Pediatr Health Care. 2007

Mar-Apr;21(2):117-9, 139-41. PubMed PMID: 17321912.

44: Reagan WJ, VanderLind B, Shearer A, Botts S. Influence of urine pH on

accurate urinary protein determination in Sprague-Dawley rats. Vet Clin Pathol.

2007 Mar;36(1):73-8. PubMed PMID: 17311198.

45: Johnson KY, Lulich JP, Osborne CA. Evaluation of the reproducibility and

accuracy of pH-determining devices used to measure urine pH in dogs. J Am Vet Med

Assoc. 2007 Feb 1;230(3):364-9. PubMed PMID: 17269867.

46: Mazdak H, Ardestani PM, Nejadnik H. Effect of lime juice consumption on urine

pH value. Saudi Med J. 2006 Dec;27(12):1923-4. PubMed PMID: 17143381.

47: Kamel KS, Shafiee MA, Cheema-Dhadli S, Halperin ML. Studies to identify the

basis for an alkaline urine pH in patients with calcium hydrogen phosphate kidney

stones. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2007 Feb;22(2):424-31. Epub 2006 Nov 14. PubMed

PMID: 17107965.

48: Roche JR, Dalley DE, O'Mara FP. Effect of a metabolically created systemic

acidosis on calcium homeostasis and the diurnal variation in urine pH in the

non-lactating pregnant dairy cow. J Dairy Res. 2007 Feb;74(1):34-9. Epub 2006 Sep

15. PubMed PMID: 16978431.

49: Gagnon RF, Alli AI, Edwardes MD, Watters AK, Tsoukas CM. Low urine pH is

associated with reduced indinavir crystalluria in indinavir-treated HIV-infected

individuals. Clin Nephrol. 2006 Jan;65(1):13-21. PubMed PMID: 16429837.

50: Jamerson MH, McCue JJ, Klette KL. Urine pH, container composition, and

exposure time influence adsorptive loss of

11-nor-delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid. J Anal Toxicol. 2005

Oct;29(7):627-31. PubMed PMID: 16419391.

51: Wright ME, Michaud DS, Pietinen P, Taylor PR, Virtamo J, Albanes D. Estimated

urine pH and bladder cancer risk in a cohort of male smokers (Finland). Cancer

Causes Control. 2005 Nov;16(9):1117-23. PubMed PMID: 16184478.

52: Mellau LS, Jørgensen RJ, Bartlett PC, Enemark JM, Hansen AK. Effect of

anionic salt and highly fermentable carbohydrate supplementations on urine pH and

on experimentally induced hypocalcaemia in cows. Acta Vet Scand.

2004;45(3-4):139-47. PubMed PMID: 15663074; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1820990.

53: He HC, Zhong WD, Xie KJ, Dai QS, Zeng GQ, Wei H, Wei HA, Mei H. [Effects of

potassium citrate delayed preparation in urine PH and citric acid content].

Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2004 Nov 2;84(21):1825-6. Chinese. PubMed PMID: 15631783.

54: Schlager TA, Ashe K, Hendley JO. Effect of a phosphate supplement on urine pH

in patients with neurogenic bladder receiving intermittent catheterization.

Spinal Cord. 2005 Mar;43(3):187-9. PubMed PMID: 15570319.

55: Ozdemir M, Crewe KH, Tucker GT, Rostami-Hodjegan A. Assessment of in vivo

CYP2D6 activity: differential sensitivity of commonly used probes to urine pH. J

Clin Pharmacol. 2004 Dec;44(12):1398-404. PubMed PMID: 15545311.

56: Mantani N, Hoshino A, Ito K, Kogure T, Moridaira K, Sakamoto H, Tamura J.

[Relationships among urine pH, serum uric acid and pyuria in hospitalized elderly

patients]. Nihon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi. 2004 Sep;41(5):542-5. Japanese. PubMed

PMID: 15515737.

57: Seifi HA, Mohri M, Kalamati Zadeh J. Use of pre-partum urine pH to predict

the risk of milk fever in dairy cows. Vet J. 2004 May;167(3):281-5. PubMed PMID:

15080877.

58: Srivastava T, Kainer G. Collection under paraffin is not necessary for

stability of urine pH over 24 h. Pediatr Nephrol. 2004 Feb;19(2):169-71. Epub

2003 Dec 13. PubMed PMID: 14673632.

59: Michaud DS, Troiano RP, Subar AF, Runswick S, Bingham S, Kipnis V, Schatzkin

A. Comparison of estimated renal net acid excretion from dietary intake and body

size with urine pH. J Am Diet Assoc. 2003 Aug;103(8):1001-7; discussion 1007.

PubMed PMID: 12891148.

60: Greischar A, Nakagawa Y, Coe FL. Influence of urine pH and citrate

concentration on the upper limit of metastability for calcium phosphate. J Urol.

2003 Mar;169(3):867-70. PubMed PMID: 12576801.

61: Mellau LS, Jørgensen RJ, Kambarage DM. The influence of short-term anion salt

exposure on urine pH and on resistance to experimentally induced hypocalcaemia in

cows. J Vet Med A Physiol Pathol Clin Med. 2002 Jun;49(5):225-9. PubMed PMID:

12126135.

62: Raskin RE, Murray KA, Levy JK. Comparison of home monitoring methods for

feline urine pH measurement. Vet Clin Pathol. 2002;31(2):51-5. PubMed PMID:

12040484.

63: Kamel KS, Cheema-Dhadli S, Halperin ML. Studies on the pathophysiology of the

low urine pH in patients with uric acid stones. Kidney Int. 2002

Mar;61(3):988-94. PubMed PMID: 11849453.

64: Wada S, Yoshimura R, Masuda C, Hase T, Ikemoto S, Kishimoto T, Fukushima S.

Are tobacco use and urine pH indicated as risk factors for bladder carcinoma? Int

J Urol. 2001 Mar;8(3):106-9. PubMed PMID: 11260334.

65: Stevenson AE, Wrigglesworth DJ, Smith BH, Markwell PJ. Effects of dietary

potassium citrate supplementation on urine pH and urinary relative

supersaturation of calcium oxalate and struvite in healthy dogs. Am J Vet Res.

2000 Apr;61(4):430-5. PubMed PMID: 10772109.

66: García Matilla F, García ontes F, Ribas Serna J. [Relationships between

diuresis, urine pH and lithogenesis]. Actas Urol Esp. 1999 Mar;23(3):202-13.

Spanish. PubMed PMID: 10363376.

67: Freudenthaler S, Meineke I, Schreeb KH, Boakye E, Gundert-Remy U, Gleiter CH.

Influence of urine pH and urinary flow on the renal excretion of memantine. Br J

Clin Pharmacol. 1998 Dec;46(6):541-6. PubMed PMID: 9862242; PubMed Central PMCID:

PMC1873797.

68: Heuter KJ, Buffington CA, Chew DJ. Agreement between two methods for

measuring urine pH in cats and dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1998 Oct 1;213(7):996-8.

PubMed PMID: 9776996.

69: Miki K, Sudo A. Effect of urine pH, storage time, and temperature on

stability of catecholamines, cortisol, and creatinine. Clin Chem. 1998 Aug;44(8

Pt 1):1759-62. PubMed PMID: 9702972.

70: Rothman N, Talaska G, Hayes RB, Bhatnagar VK, Bell DA, Lakshmi VM, Kashyap

SK, Dosemeci M, Kashyap R, Hsu FF, Jaeger M, Hirvonen A, Parikh DJ, Davis BB,

Zenser TV. Acidic urine pH is associated with elevated levels of free urinary

benzidine and N-acetylbenzidine and urothelial cell DNA adducts in exposed

workers. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1997 Dec;6(12):1039-42. PubMed PMID:

9419400.

71: Burr RG, Nuseibeh IM. Urinary catheter blockage depends on urine pH, calcium

and rate of flow. Spinal Cord. 1997 Aug;35(8):521-5. PubMed PMID: 9267917.

72: Schreiber M, Schlanger LE, Chen CB, Lessan-Pezeshki M, Halperin ML, Patnaik

A, Ling BN, Kleyman TR. Antikaliuretic action of trimethoprim is minimized by

raising urine pH. Kidney Int. 1996 Jan;49(1):82-7. PubMed PMID: 8770952.

73: Stanley SD, Sams RA, Harkins JD, Mundy GD, Boyles J, Woods WE, Tobin T.

Frequency distribution of post race urine pH from standardbreds compared with

thoroughbreds: research and regulatory significance. Equine Vet J. 1995

Nov;27(6):471-3. PubMed PMID: 8565945.

74: Remer T, Manz F. Potential renal acid load of foods and its influence on

urine pH. J Am Diet Assoc. 1995 Jul;95(7):791-7. PubMed PMID: 7797810.

75: Chafe L, Gault MH. First morning urine pH in the diagnosis of renal tubular

acidosis with nephrolithiasis. Clin Nephrol. 1994 Mar;41(3):159-62. PubMed PMID:

8187359.

76: Kiyota H, Machida T, Onodera S, Suzuki H, Goto H, Takamizawa S, Mitani H,

Kawahara M, Igarashi H, Endoh K, et al. [Influence of urine pH and cations on

antimicrobial activities of penems]. Kansenshogaku Zasshi. 1993 May;67(5):435-9.

Japanese. PubMed PMID: 8320460.

77: Kienzle E, Schuhknecht A. [Struvite stone dietetics: 1. Effect of different

feed rations on the urine pH value of cats]. Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr. 1993

May;100(5):198-203. German. PubMed PMID: 8319549.

78: Strom JG Jr, Jun HW. Effect of urine pH and ascorbic acid on the rate of

conversion of methenamine to formaldehyde. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 1993

Jan;14(1):61-9. PubMed PMID: 8427945.

79: Sarasola P, Horspool LJ, McKellar QA. Effect of changes in urine pH on plasma

pharmacokinetic variables of ampicillin sodium in horses. Am J Vet Res. 1992

May;53(5):711-5. PubMed PMID: 1326242.

80: Nankivell BJ, Allen RD, Grierson J, Chapman JR. Urine pH in clinical pancreas

transplantation. Transplant Proc. 1992 Feb;24(1):175-6. PubMed PMID: 1539230.

81: Kienzle E, Schuknecht A, Meyer H. Influence of food composition on the urine

pH in cats. J Nutr. 1991 Nov;121(11 Suppl):S87-8. PubMed PMID: 1941250.

82: Izquierdo JV, Czarnecki-Maulden GL. Effect of various acidifying agents on

urine pH and acid-base balance in adult cats. J Nutr. 1991 Nov;121(11

Suppl):S89-90. PubMed PMID: 1682430.

83: Balon R, Pohl R, Yeragani VK. Urine pH and panic disorder. Lancet. 1991 Jun

1;337(8753):1351. PubMed PMID: 1674329.

84: Carlisle EJ, Donnelly SM, Halperin ML. Renal tubular acidosis (RTA):

recognize the ammonium defect and pHorget the urine pH. Pediatr Nephrol. 1991

Mar;5(2):242-8. Review. PubMed PMID: 2031845.

85: Kamiya A, Tanigawara Y, Saito Y, Hayashi Y, Aiba T, Inui K, Hori R. Moment

analysis of drug disposition in kidney. II: Urine pH-dependent tubular secretion

of tetraethylammonium in the isolated perfused rat kidney. J Pharm Sci. 1990

Aug;79(8):692-7. PubMed PMID: 2231331.

86: Ilett KF, Ong RT, Batty KT, Taylor JD. Effect of urine pH on the stability of

doxorubicin and its recovery from bladder instillations. Br J Urol. 1990

May;65(5):478-82. PubMed PMID: 2354313.

87: Kallio J. The effect of urine pH on debrisoquine phenotyping: application of

an HPLC-method. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol. 1990 May;28(5):223-6. PubMed

PMID: 2163994.

88: Wood T, Weckman TJ, Henry PA, Chang SL, Blake JW, Tobin T. Equine urine pH:

normal population distributions and methods of acidification. Equine Vet J. 1990

Mar;22(2):118-21. PubMed PMID: 2318175.

89: Papp LA, Gorman JM. Urine pH in panic: a possible screening device. Lancet.

1990 Feb 10;335(8685):355. PubMed PMID: 1967789.

90: Harlass FF, Duff P, Herd M. The evaluation of urine pH in screening for

asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy. Mil Med. 1990 Feb;155(2):49-51. PubMed

PMID: 2106648.

91: Zimmerman CL, O'Connell MB, Soria I. The effects of urine pH modification on

the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of phenylpropanolamine. Pharm Res. 1990

Jan;7(1):96-102. PubMed PMID: 2300545.

92: Bilobrov VM, Chugaj AV, Bessarabov VI. Urine pH variation dynamics in healthy

individuals and stone formers. Urol Int. 1990;45(6):326-31. PubMed PMID: 2288048.

93: Shaw DH. Acute response of urine pH following ammonium chloride

administration to dogs. Am J Vet Res. 1989 Nov;50(11):1829-30. PubMed PMID:

2619112.

94: Tozuka K, Hara Y, Moriguchi H, Kikuchi T, Tokue A. [The role of urine pH in

the occurrence of phosphaturia]. Hinyokika Kiyo. 1989 Sep;35(9):1475-8. Japanese.

PubMed PMID: 2816612.

95: Gray LD, Ilstrup DM, Smith TF. Correlation of urine pH with the detection of

cytomegalovirus by the shell vial technique. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 1989

May-Jun;12(3):275-7. PubMed PMID: 2551570.

96: Tarttelin MF. Feline struvite urolithiasis: factors affecting urine pH may be

more important than magnesium levels in food. Vet Rec. 1987 Sep 5;121(10):227-30.

PubMed PMID: 3672831.

97: Richardson RM, Halperin ML. The urine pH: a potentially misleading diagnostic

test in patients with hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis. Am J Kidney Dis. 1987

Aug;10(2):140-3. PubMed PMID: 3605091.

98: Neuvonen PJ, Kärkkäinen S, Lehtovaara R. Pharmacokinetics of chlorpropamide

in epileptic patients: effects of enzyme induction and urine pH on chlorpropamide

elimination. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1987;32(3):297-301. PubMed PMID: 3595702.

99: Chiou WL. A new simple approach to study the effect of changes in urine flow

and/or urine pH on renal clearance and its applications. Int J Clin Pharmacol

Ther Toxicol. 1986 Oct;24(10):519-27. PubMed PMID: 3781671.

100: Kärkkäinen S, Neuvonen PJ. Pharmacokinetics of amitriptyline influenced by

oral charcoal and urine pH. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol. 1986

Jun;24(6):326-32. PubMed PMID: 3015809.

101: Haylor J, Lote CJ. Urine pH and the relationship between urine flow and

urinary prostaglandin E excretion in the rat. J Endocrinol. 1986

Feb;108(2):247-53. PubMed PMID: 3950529.

102: Mujais SK, Nascimento L, Rademacher DR, Wilson A, Kurtzman NA. Intact

ability to lower urine pH in nonacidotic adrenalectomized rats. Miner Electrolyte

Metab. 1986;12(2):107-12. PubMed PMID: 3007965.

103: Somogyi A, Gugler R. Effect of variations in urine pH and flow rate on

cimetidine renal disposition in man. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 1985

Jul-Sep;6(3):345-9. PubMed PMID: 4041561.

104: Pak CH, Oleneva VA. [Changes in the excretion of uric acid and urine pH as

affected by the diet therapy of patients with gout and uric acid diathesis]. Vopr

Pitan. 1985 May-Jun;(3):70-1. Russian. PubMed PMID: 4036080.

105: Kärkkäinen S, Neuvonen PJ. Effect of oral charcoal and urine pH on

dextropropoxyphene pharmacokinetics. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol. 1985

Apr;23(4):219-25. PubMed PMID: 2987139.

106: Haylor J, Toner JM, Jackson PR, Ramsay LE, Lote CJ. Is the urinary excretion

of prostaglandin E in man dependent on urine pH? Clin Sci (Lond). 1985

Apr;68(4):475-7. PubMed PMID: 2982534.

107: Trang JM, Blanchard J, Conrad KA, Harrison GG. Effect of dietary ascorbic

acid restriction and supplementation on urine pH in elderly males. JAMA. 1984 Dec

7;252(21):2960-1. PubMed PMID: 6502855.

108: Kärkkäinen S, Neuvonen PJ. Effect of oral charcoal and urine pH on sotalol

pharmacokinetics. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol. 1984 Aug;22(8):441-6. PubMed

PMID: 6092287.

109: Roychowdhury SP, Sethumadhavan KV, Babu CS, Rao CK. Relationship between

urine pH and clearance of microfilaraemia following diethylcarbamazine treatment.

J Commun Dis. 1984 Jun;16(2):100-3. PubMed PMID: 6386962.

110: Lote CJ, Haylor J, Towers J. The effect of urine pH on the reduction of

urinary PGE2 excretion by indomethacin. Biochem Pharmacol. 1984 May

1;33(9):1564-6. PubMed PMID: 6587851.

111: Pytel' IuA, Shapiro SB, Chabanov VA. [Test for urine pH stability in urate

nephrolithiasis]. Lab Delo. 1984;(3):146-9. Russian. PubMed PMID: 6200675.

112: Houston T, Tobin T, Blake JW. Effect of urine pH on urine levels of

oxyphenbutazone in racing horses. Drug Metab Dispos. 1983 Nov-Dec;11(6):617-9.

PubMed PMID: 6140151.

113: Milne LA, Williams NE, Calvey TN, Murray GR, Chan K. Effect of urine pH on

the elimination of phenoperidine. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1983 Jul;16(1):101-3.

PubMed PMID: 6882616; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1427958.

114: Kärkkäinen S, Vapaatalo H, Neuvonen PJ. Urine pH is important for

chlorpropamide elimination. Diabetes Care. 1983 May-Jun;6(3):313. PubMed PMID:

6347584.

115: Perez-Reyes M, Di Guiseppi S, Brine DR, Smith H, Cook CE. Urine pH and

phencyclidine excretion. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1982 Nov;32(5):635-41. PubMed PMID:

7128004.

116: Young JF, Kadlubar FF. A pharmacokinetic model to predict exposure of the

bladder epithelium to urinary N-hydroxyarylamine carcinogens as a function of

urine pH, voiding interval, and resorption. Drug Metab Dispos. 1982

Nov-Dec;10(6):641-4. PubMed PMID: 6130914.

117: Rauber AP, Maroncelli RD. Effects of dietary changes on alkalinization of

urine pH. Vet Hum Toxicol. 1981;23(Suppl 1):46-7. PubMed PMID: 7303473.

118: Sand TE, Jacobsen S. Effect of urine pH and flow on renal clearance of

methotrexate. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1981;19(6):453-6. PubMed PMID: 7250179.

119: Nahata MC, Cummins BA, McLeod DC. Effect of ascorbic acid on urine pH. Am J

Hosp Pharm. 1981 Jan;38(1):33, 36. PubMed PMID: 7211868.

120: Hetey SK, Kleinberg ML, Parker WD, Johnson EW. Effect of ascorbic acid on

urine pH in patients with injured spinal cords. Am J Hosp Pharm. 1980

Feb;37(2):235-7. PubMed PMID: 7361797.

121: Quay JF, Childers RF, Johnson DW, Nash JF, Stucky JF 2nd. Cinoxacin in

female mongrel dogs: effect of urine pH on urinary drug excretion and correlation

of in vitro characteristics of oral dosage forms with bioavailability. J Pharm

Sci. 1979 Feb;68(2):227-32. PubMed PMID: 34019.

122: Baer JE, Breault GO, Russo HF. Diflunisal renal clearance in anesthetized

dogs: effect of probenecid, urine flow, and urine pH. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther.

1978 Oct;235(2):204-10. PubMed PMID: 32854.

123: Rocha SM, Angerami EL. [Study of urine pH and density in the rehydration of

infants. Introduction to nursing care]. Bol Oficina Sanit Panam. 1978

Feb;84(2):146-56. Portuguese. PubMed PMID: 24456.

124: Nahata MC, Shrimp L, Lampman T, McLeod DC. Effect of ascorbic acid on urine

pH in man. Am J Hosp Pharm. 1977 Nov;34(11):1234-7. PubMed PMID: 22245.

125: Cunningham JL, Shen DD, Shudo I, Azarnoff DL. The effects of urine pH and

plasma protein binding on the renal clearance of disopyramide. Clin

Pharmacokinet. 1977 Sep-Oct;2(5):373-83. PubMed PMID: 21054.

126: Gibaldi M, Grundhofer B, Levy G. Time course and dose dependence of antacid

effect on urine pH. J Pharm Sci. 1975 Dec;64(12):2003-4. PubMed PMID: 1512.

127: Kaye CM. The influence of urine pH on the renal excretion of ICI 66082 in

man. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1974 Dec;1(6):513-4. PubMed PMID: 22454941; PubMed

Central PMCID: PMC1402536.

128: Kiddie MA, Kaye CM. The renal excretion of mexiletine (Kö 1173) under

controlled conditions of urine pH. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1974 Feb;1(1):86-7.

PubMed PMID: 22454877; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1402406.

129: Kaye CM, Robinson DG, Turner P. Proceedings: The influence of urine pH on

the renal excretion of practolol and propranolol. Br J Pharmacol. 1973

Sep;49(1):155P-156P. PubMed PMID: 4787532; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1776454.

130: Solc J. [Diagnosis of renal tubular acidosis based on estimated dependance

of urine pH and blood bicarbonate]. Cesk Pediatr. 1972 Sep;27(9):454-6. Czech.

PubMed PMID: 5074207.

131: Levy G, Leonards JR. Urine pH and salicylate therapy. JAMA. 1971 Jul

5;217(1):81. PubMed PMID: 5108711.

132: Hills AG, Reid EL. PCO2 and PNH3 in mammalian kidney and urinary tract

related to urine pH and flow. Am J Physiol. 1970 Aug;219(2):423-34. PubMed PMID:

4988559.

133: Hollister LE, Moore F. Factors affecting excretion of catecholamines in man:

urine flow, urine pH and creatinine clearance. Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol.

1970 Mar;1(2):193-202. PubMed PMID: 5524321.

134: Annen RL. The relationship between urine pH and acid excretion--the

influence of urine flow rate. J Lab Clin Med. 1969 Nov;74(5):757-69. PubMed PMID:

5350203.

135: Ove P, Brown OE, Laszlo J. DNase II inhibitor in tissues and urine--pH and

salt artifacts. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1969 May;131(2):652. PubMed PMID: 5787229.

136: Cottral GE, Gailiunas P. Urine pH changes in cattle infected with

foot-and-mouth-disease virus. Cornell Vet. 1969 Apr;59(2):249-58. PubMed PMID:

5813745.

137: Igari J. [Effect of urine pH and osmolarity on the growth of bacteria in the

urine]. Nihon Densenbyo Gakkai Zasshi. 1969 Mar;42(12):343-52. Japanese. PubMed

PMID: 4977195.

138: Grigor KC, Hendry JG. Acid-base and urine pH changes following mitral

valvotomy. Br J Anaesth. 1969 Jan;41(1):25-7. PubMed PMID: 5774301.

139: Hjelle A. The influence of feeding conditions on urine pH and plasma

bicarbonate levels in healthy sheep. Acta Vet Scand. 1969;10(1):1-9. PubMed PMID:

5355181.

140: Igari J, Kano M. [Basic study on chemotherapy of urinary tract infection. 3.

Effect of urine pH on antibacterial activity of macrolides, lincomycin and

clinimycin on Escherichia coli]. Jpn J Antibiot. 1968 Dec;21(6):354-7. Japanese.

PubMed PMID: 4887887.

141: Buckalew VM Jr, McCurdy DK, Ludwig GD, Chaykin LB, Elkinton JR. Incomplete

renal tubular acidosis. Physiologic studies in three patients with a defect in

lowering urine pH. Am J Med. 1968 Jul;45(1):32-42. PubMed PMID: 5658867.

142: Igari J, Kondo H, Kudo M, Kano M. [Basic study on chemotherapy of urinary

tract infection. II. Effect of urine pH on antibacterial activity of

chemotherapeutics on Escherichia coli]. Jpn J Antibiot. 1968 Jun;21(3):118-23.

Japanese. PubMed PMID: 4301952.

143: Davies HE. Rise in urine pH and in ammonium excretion during a water

diuresis. J Physiol. 1968 Feb;194(2):79-80P. PubMed PMID: 5639385.

144: Urine pH and drug excretion. Lancet. 1966 Jun 4;1(7449):1256. PubMed PMID:

4161222.

145: Berker F, Bostanci N, Alhan MA, Oner M, Efe F. [The effect of furosemide on

water, electrolytes, titrable acid excretion, osmolar clearance, free water

excretion, urine pH and G.F.R. in normal human subjects]. Tip Fak Mecm.

1966;29(3):472-86. Turkish. PubMed PMID: 5966839.

146: BECKETT AH, WILKINSON GR. INFLUENCE OF URINE PH AND FLOW RATE ON THE RENAL

EXCRETION OF CHLORPHENIRAMINE IN MAN. J Pharm Pharmacol. 1965 Apr;17:256-7.

PubMed PMID: 14327721.

147: Wehner W, Vorberg R. [Urine pH measurements in burns]. Zentralbl Chir.

1965;90(26):1125-9. German. PubMed PMID: 5883316.

148: BRAUN W, ADLUNG J, MALORNY G. [THE INFLUENCE OF THE URINE PH ON THE

ELIMINATION OF VARIOUS ACETYLATED SULFONAMIDES]. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Exp

Pathol Pharmakol. 1964 Oct 13;249:185-90. German. PubMed PMID: 14347834.

149: BRAUN W. [THE DEPENDENCE OF ADRENALIN ELIMINATION ON THE URINE PH]. Naunyn

Schmiedebergs Arch Exp Pathol Pharmakol. 1964 Oct 13;249:191-4. German. PubMed

PMID: 14345703.

150: BRAUN W. [I. THE RELATION OF THE EXCRETION RATE OF DRUGS TO URINE PH].

Arzneimittelforschung. 1964 Jan;14:76-7. German. PubMed PMID: 14223704.

151: SULLIVAN LP, McVAUGH M. Effect of rapid and transitory changes in blood and

urine pH on NH4 excretion. Am J Physiol. 1963 Jun;204:1077-85. PubMed PMID:

13979204.

152: CURTIS JR, DE WARDENER HE. Effect of urine pH on the changes in urine

concentration produced by vasopressin. Clin Sci. 1963 Apr;24:159-66. PubMed PMID:

14024363.

153: KOSTENBAUDER HB, PORTNOFF JB, SWINTOSKY JV. Control of urine pH and its

effect on sulfaethidole excretion in humans. J Pharm Sci. 1962 Nov;51:1084-9.

PubMed PMID: 14035027.

154: MOU TW. Effect of urine pH on the antibacterial activity of antibiotics and

chemotherapeutic agents. J Urol. 1962 Jun;87:978-87. PubMed PMID: 14476616.

155: BRUMFITT W, PERCIVAL A. Adjustment of urine pH in the chemotherapy of

urinary-tract infections. A laboratory and clinical assessment. Lancet. 1962 Jan

27;1(7222):186-90. PubMed PMID: 13873946.

156: PORTNOFF JB, SWINTOSKY JV, KOSTENBAUDER HB. Control of urine pH and its

effect on drug excretion in humans. J Pharm Sci. 1961 Oct;50:890. PubMed PMID:

14488120.

157: ANDRUS SB, GERSHOFF SN, FARAGALLA FF, PRIEN EL. Production of calcium

oxalate renal calculi in vitamin B6-deficient rats. Study of the influence of

urine pH. Lab Invest. 1960 Jan-Feb;9:7-27. PubMed PMID: 13793642.

158: RICHTERICH-VAN BAERLE R, GOLDSTEIN L, DEARBORN EH. Relation of ammonia

excretion to urine pH in the guinea pig. Science. 1956 Jul 13;124(3211):74.

PubMed PMID: 13337351.

159: KRIZEK V, STARKA J. [Determination of urine pH with paper indicators and

their accuracy]. Cas Lek Cesk. 1956 May 4;95(18):493-4. Czech. PubMed PMID:

13343153.

160: HODLER J, HEINEMANN HO, FISHMAN AP, SMITH HW. Urine pH and carbonic

anhydrase activity in the marine dogfish. Am J Physiol. 1955 Oct;183(1):155-62.

PubMed PMID: 13268654.

161: RECTOR FC Jr, SELDIN DW, ROBERTS AD Jr, COPENHAVER JH. Relation of ammonia

excretion to urine pH. Am J Physiol. 1954 Nov;179(2):353-8. PubMed PMID:

13218173.

162: KRASNO LR, CILLEY JH, BOUTWELL JH, IVY AC, FARMER CJ. Effect of repeated

exposure of human subjects to 18,000 feet without supplemental oxygen, to

hyperventilation, and to 35,000 feet with 100 percent oxygen for one hour, on

ascorbic acid excretion and plasma level and on urine pH. J Aviat Med. 1950

Aug;21(4):283-92; passim. PubMed PMID: 14774329.

163: EROZ K, TERZIOGLU M. The effect of glucose injections on the blood sugar

level, alkali reserve, and blood and urine pH values of starved rabbits. Arch Int

Pharmacodyn Ther. 1949 Aug 1;80(2-3):255-68. PubMed PMID: 18137861.

164: VAN SLYKE DD, WEISIGER JR, VAN SLYKE KK. Photometric measurement of urine

pH. J Biol Chem. 1949 Jun;179(2):757-61. PubMed PMID: 18150009.